Included In: V2 + 込む「こむ」

Another verb that is often used as a suffix in compound verbs is 込む「こむ」 "to be included". The character is easy to remember: the radical is "flow/proceed" and the other part is 入る「はいる」"to enter". So I think of it as "entering into the flow of things." Japanese Verbs says as a suffix 込む「こむ」 means "to do in, to do into" and says "it has limited application." However, in Harry Potter, I've found quite a few examples.

飛び込む

とびこむ　to jump in, to leap in, to plunge into, to dive into

「こんな言葉が　耳に　飛び込んできた。」　p. 10

"He caught a few words of what they were saying." p. 9

This seems literally to say that the words jumped into his ears. Maybe this is related to the concept that things are heard or audible. rather than that a person hears something.

座り込む

すわりこむ　to sit down (and bask), to sit-in (in protest)

「今度は　庭の石垣の上に　座り込んでいる。」p. 12

"(The cat) was now sitting on his garden wall." p. 10

「．．．女の子が　座り込み」 p. 157

"She sat down." p.79

「ロンは　ガックリと　席に　座り込んだ。」p. 160

"He flopped back into his seat, looking depressed." p. 80

In the second example above, Hermione, settles into a seat, giving no indication that she is going to move again until she has seen Ron perform magic.

落ち込む

おちこむ　to fall into, to feel down (feel sad)

「ダーズリー氏は　すっかり落ち込んでしまった。」p. 14

"...Mr. Dursley, his heart sinking horribly..." p. 11

詰め込む

つめこむ　to cram in, to pack in, to stuff in.

「二つは　菓子を　ポケットに　詰め込み、」p. 166

"They crammed their pockets with the last of the sweets and..." p. 83

「生徒たちは　窮屈を　部屋に　詰め込まれ、」p. 170

"They crowded in, standing rather closer together than they would usually have done..." p 85

閉じ込める

とじこめる to lock up, to shut up in

「ハリーを　物置に　閉じ込めたり、」p. 134

"...(they) didn't shut Harry in his cupboard..." p 67

流れ込む

ながれこむ　to float in, to drift in, to flow in, to pour in

「汽車の窓から　声が　流れ込んできた。」p. 143

"...a voice came floating in through the train's open door." p 72

乗り込む

のりこむ　to board, to embark, to get on

よじ登る

よじのぼる] to climb

「男の子は　汽車に　よじ登って乗り込んだ.」p. 146

"The boys clambered on to (climbed aboard) the train." p. 73

突っ込む

つっこむ　to plunge into, to dig deeply into

「ロンは　上着のポケットに　手を　突っ込んで　太った　ねずみを　引き出した。」p 150

"Ron reached inside his jacket and pulled out a fat grey rat which was asleep." p 75

忍び込む [しのびこむ]

to sneak into, to creep into, to steal into

「グリンゴッツに　忍び込む　なんて．．．」p. 160

"My dad says it must've been a powerful Dark wizard to get round Gringotts, but they don't think they took anything, that's what's odd." p. 80

I'm glad I didn't have to translate that sentence. On close reading I've discovered that JKR does not like to use periods. Just think how she's influencing millions of school children to write run-on sentences.

潜り込む

もぐりこむ to slip into, to crawl into/under

「ベッドに潜り込んだ。」p. 193

"...(they pulled on their pajamas and) fell into bed." p. 97

The translation, which seems more descriptive than the original, gives the sense of slipping under the covers, diving under the covers, or crawling into bed." On the other hand "fell into bed" gives the sense that they were so exhausted that they didn't bother to get under the covers at all.

質問とコメント

人込み

ひとごみ　a crowd

In this case the V2 ending indicates this is a noun, not a verb. Notice, too, that the consonant shifts from こ to ご, which doesn't happen with the compound verbs. (Is this always true?) My dictionaries translate「人込み」as "a crowd of people" but I don't know of any other crowd. In English this can be converted into a verb: crowding. "They crowded into the room." I wonder if it can in Japanese. Be perfect with the komu "in/into" suffix. Turns out that another meaning for 込む「こむ」is "to be crowded." I'm going to have to study up on passive and active verbs.